Create an Innovation

Development Is the way toward interpreting an Idea or innovation Into a decent or administration that makes esteem or for which clients will pay (www. Observationally. Com, 2014). † In this paper, the recognizable proof of an advancement, and plan for actualizing the development, in the current work environment that I am working for, will be depicted in full detail. The inventive item that will be Introduced to the working environment Is known as the â€Å"Freedom walker. What number of Individuals become weary of scheduling during unequaled at a desk?Another protest that is heard, frequently inside the associations is, â€Å"l am overweight and I don't have the opportunity to make it to the rec center. † Well, presently here is the ideal arrangement. Opportunity Walker will offer Individuals the chance to either, stay situated at the work area while working or they can decided to get up and start to practice at the pace they feel generally great. The excellent item wil l be made to last and it will give representatives the opportunity of practicing while at the same time working (Treadles, 2014). Opportunity Walker Is going to exclusively be Intended to run in moderate speeds.One of the extraordinary things about this item is not normal for standard treadmills. He Freedom Walker won't overheat (Treadles. 2014). For which, giving people a boundless measure of time to be on the treadmill while working. The control board can be put on every representative's work area. Also, will have a 10-inch string associated with the board and the Freedom Walker. On the control board, workers will have the option to perceive to what extent they have been strolling. The representative will likewise have the option to monitor the measure of calories that are being misfortune with the opportunity walker.The Freedom Walker will likewise have a connected Emergency rope that all people who utilize this item should wear while in real life. The Emergency line Is in the ev ent of any crisis, the worker will have the option to close the machine off The Freedom Walker additionally accompanies a solid elastic tangle that ought to be put on the track, to decrease the sound and keep away from interruption (Treadles, 2014). The speed of this item won't go over 4. 0 MPH (Treadles, 2014). The explanation that the machine won't go over the speed of 4. Is to keep away from interruptions on the telephone with clients, for example, loss of breath or Incorrect sentence structure spelling on the PC due to not having the option to think. For wellbeing of every worker, the throbbing is constrained to 4. 0 MPH. The Freedom Walker won't have a lot of get together required. The control board is associated with the treadmill, Just basically interface the ‘OFF The plan will start with the CEO and upper administration, and afterward will obviously go down the rundown for every person inside the organization.It is a demonstrated reality that the corpulence rate inside the United States has dramatically increased in grown-ups and youngsters since backtalk's (Food Research and Action Center, 2014). The main general medical issue inside the United States is heftiness (Food Research and Action Center, 2014). With no segregation, most of the representatives inside the association that this creative thought will be actualized in, are overweight. The following is the outline from the Food Research and Action Report that shows the rates of every ethnicity and at what rate they are overweight.How would it be able to be conceivable that a Health insurance agency is selling protection, however have the representatives unfortunate and overweight? There will be a week by week objective that every individual will work out for oneself when utilizing the Freedom Walker. The association should see some kind of progress in all workers. On the off chance that, there is no improvement seen meager a little while, at that point disciplinary activity will be upheld. O nce there is improvement seen, that is the point at which the association will start to offer impetuses. The impetus that is destined to be allowed is that the organization will pay for half, of every people medical coverage premium.This could ensure achievement, particularly now and days that medical coverage premiums are so costly. The effect that this imaginative procedure will have inside the association will be exceptional. This won't just assistance the representatives however will help the clients also. The development procedure, will permit representatives to take remain about delayed sitting. Analyst propose that delayed sitting is awful for one's wellbeing (Neoprene, 2013). There have been researchers that contrast delayed sitting with smoking (Neoprene, 2013).The Freedom Walker should assist each individual start with feeling fit and start to have an increasingly uplifting disposition (Neoprene, 2013). This adjustment in mentality and in oneself, advancement process will be a steady development. As expressed over the procedure will start with the CEO and upper administration. When the change is found in hose territories, at that point the procedure will start to stream down the command hierarchy as it has been heard. In this way, as the article states by the gradual development page, â€Å"Slow and Steady Wins the Race (Innovation Management Community for Practitioners, 2014). Gradual change isn't tied in with rolling out an improvement happen immediately (Innovation Management Community for Practitioners, 2014). â€Å"The reason steady advancement is so mainstream, is on the grounds that it has decreased hazard in contrast with radical development (Innovation Management Community for Practitioners, 2014). † Furthermore, when an equines has a produced decent going it will in general have developed significant measure of human capital and skills so the business should commit time to making it better or diminishing costs (Innovation Management Community for Practitioners, 2014).Four Stages of the Research Cycle There will be seven stages to the advancement procedure and they are 1 . Thinking, 2. Portfolio Management and Metrics, 3. Exploration 4. Knowledge, 5. Advancement Development, 6. Showcasing Development, 7. Selling (Morris, 2013). The way that the advancement will be estimated will be â€Å"R&D Impact = Gross Margin/R&D Spend †This is a â€Å"old† Bill Hewlett and David Packard metric they used to ensure appropriate return for the R&D exertion being contributed (McKinney, 2010). † â€Å"Why net edge, one would inquire? McKinney, 2010)† â€Å"The supposition that will be that on the off chance that you gather a superior mouse trap, the client will remunerate you with an edge premium which will appear in net edge (McKinney, 2010). † â€Å"Target: Assess your rivals and you need to be in top quartile (McKinney, 2010). † Innovation requires significant investment and commitment. All together for an organization to be fruitful in the execution of an advancement there should be, a great deal of examination and date corded. An imaginative thought can't Just be something that somebody raises and it happens.There must be correlations with different items and reports indicating the business/association why that inventive thought would be superior to some other thought. The Freedom Walker would be an extraordinary inventive thought since it would help spare the lives of numerous individuals who might be battle with medical problems because of weight issues. I accept that not exclusively should the organization that I am at present working for, utilize the creative thought, however that all organizations that have client assistance delegates. Client Services Representatives are ordered to sit at their work area for 8-10 hours per day without being permitted to move from the chair.Production and quality is something that is meant something negative for the people who do move from his/her seat, which at that point causes disciplinary activity. This is a demonstration that is obtuse and I accept that something ought to be done about it. Along these lines, everybody that has a business with CARS and Data Reps. Let attempt Freedom Walker and lets perceive how incredible of an effect it will have on the organization as well as on the representatives too. References youth and grown-up stoutness in the United States. Diary of the American Medical Association, 8(31 1), 806-814. Food Research and Action Center. 2014). Overweight and Obesity in the U. S.. Recovered from a far distance. Organization/activities/yearning and-heftiness/corpulence in-the-us/Innovation Management Community for Practitioners. (2014). Steady Innovation. Recovered from http://www. Unconventionality's. Com/gradual development/steady advancement versus.- radical-advancement McKinney, P. (2010). Would you be able to quantify the effect for development. Recovered from p hilharmonic. Com. Files/2010/02/can-you-measure-the-sway from-development. HTML Morris, L. (2013). The most effective method to Innovate: The Innovation Process.Retrieved from http://www. Naturalists. SE. /2013/08/08/how-t()- enhance the-advancement process Neoprene, L. (2013). Stay standing for Better Health? Perhaps Not. Better-wellbeing perhaps not/Reynolds, G. (2011). Reexamining the Exercise â€Å"Talk Test†. Recovered from well. Masses. Whenever. Com/2011109/21 [rethinking-the-activity talk-test/? _pH=true=blogs=o Treadles. (2014). Recovered from http://www. Treadles. Com/items/www. Typifications. Com. (2014). Advancement. Recovered from http://www. Externalizations. Com/definition/development. HTML

Moses Essay -- essays research papers

"Born a slave and raised by rulers, he was picked to lead. His name is respected by millions......Moses. By confidence Moses' folks concealed him for a quarter of a year after he was conceived, on the grounds that they saw he was no standard kid, and they were not scared of the lord's edict." Hebrews 11:23 Adored as a prophet however much more critically as an instructor and a lawgiver, Moses was the pioneer of the Israelite individuals 3,300 years prior during their excursion from subjection in Egypt to opportunity as a country in the place where there is Israel. For a long time Moses drove the individuals through the desert on their approach to Israel and helped shape them into a country that could live under the laws of God. Moses managed the creation and improvement of the main Israelite frameworks of love, the blessing of the family line of his sibling Aaron as ministers, and the formation of a lawful arrangement of administration for the network. Old Israel had a long oral convention of laws and legends, and all things considered, a few pieces of the account of Moses were composed long after his lifetime. Current grant perceives that while the center of the scriptural story of Moses contains genuine history, there is difference with respect to the exactness of each activity and e ach word ascribed to Moses by the scriptural journalists. Regardless of whether one perspectives the Bible as the uncovered expression of God or as the composition of roused individuals, the figure of Moses towers over the early history of the Jewish individuals. Jewish, Christian, and Muslim customs respect Moses for his focal job in imparting the Ten Commandments and the Torah straightforwardly from God to the Jewish individuals not long after their break from Egypt. In this manner, the Torah is otherwise called the Five Books of Moses. As per Genesis, the main book of the Bible, the Israelite individuals originally came to Egypt looking for food during a starvation that influenced the whole antiquated Near East. From the start invited by the Egyptians, after around 400 years the Israelites, or Hebrews, were seen as a danger and were oppressed. Also, the Pharaoh, the leader of Egypt, proclaimed that all infant male Israelites were to be executed. It was as of now that Moses was co nceived. His more established kin, Aaron and Miriam, would go along with him later in his life to help lead the Israelite individuals. Moses was spared from death when his mom, Yocheved, skimmed him down the Nile River in a little bin, where he was found and spared by the girl of ... ...he Ten Commandments. Moses next arranged to lead the individuals from Mount Sinai to the guaranteed place where there is Israel. Be that as it may, the Israelite individuals, familiar with subjection and dubious of opportunity, soon opposed God. They became persuaded that they couldn't overcome the new land, and they continually scrutinized Moses' administration and their own confidence in God. As a result, the age that left Egypt was not permitted to enter the guaranteed land. The Bible portrays Moses himself as once becoming irritated with the individuals and appearing to question God: instead of addressing a stone to get water as God directed, Moses hit the stone with his staff. For this, Moses was likewise predetermined not to enter the new land. Close to an incredible finish, Moses showed the laws of the Torah to the new age that had experienced childhood in the desert. He at that point moved authority to Joshua. The Torah closes with Moses' last gift to the individuals, afte r which he rose Mount Nebo, which is related to Mount Pisgah, on the eastern edge of the Jordan River. Moses passed on there, ready to see, yet not to enter, the guaranteed land. Moses was consistent with himself and his convictions, despite the fact that his way was unsure and difficult.

Anorgasmia With Trazodone

Anorgasmia With Trazodone February 04, 2020 Andrew Lipovsky/Getty Images More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide Many medications, both prescription and OTC, can cause problems with orgasm, including blood pressure medications, antihistamines, and antidepressants.  While selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are most notorious for this side effect, other antidepressants can also cause problems. As far as trazodone, however, it appears very unlikely, although I wont say impossible, that it was the cause of your anorgasmia. In a quick search of the medical literature, I did find a case report of a patient who experienced anorgasmia, which resolved itself as soon as the patient stopped taking the medication.  However, a single case report really doesnt tell us much.  It could have simply been a coincidence. Probably the only way that you will know for certain that trazodone had anything to do with your difficulties is to try stopping it for a time and see if things get better.  If you opt to do this, however, please do so under your doctors supervision. Although trazodone is not linked to anorgasmia, it does cause certain other sexual side effects, such as: Changes in Sex Drive:  It is possible that you may experience either a decrease or an increase in sex drive.  Could it be that you are confusing a lack of interest in sex with anorgasmia?  A low libido could make it a bit more difficult to become aroused and have an orgasm, even though you are not truly experiencing anorgasmia.Ejaculation Problems: Trazodone may cause retrograde ejaculation, meaning that instead of exiting the penis during orgasm, semen instead travels back into the bladder.Priapism: This well-known, but rare, side effect involves a painful erection of the penis (priapism) which does not go away even after orgasm.  ??It can cause permanent damage if not treated right away, so you should seek immediate medical attention if this happens.

Plagiarism By Robert J. Youmans - 900 Words

Plagiarism in the Classroom Plagiarism has long since been an issue- especially in the classroom. Students try to pass off other people’s work as their own, sometimes stealing ideas, other times even entire papers. In Melissa D’Annunzio’s Ted Talk, â€Å"The Punishable Perils of Plagiarism†, she illustrates the severity of plagiarism through an animated video. In the video, there’s a fake department in charge of tracking down people who plagiarize and then throwing them in jail. By making up this scenario, she shows just how serious plagiarism is, and how that is often highly underestimated. In the article â€Å"Avoiding Plagiarism†, Karl Stolley, Allen Brizee, and Joshua Paiz go into the different types of plagiarism- from unintentional to intentional and highlight some of the struggles students face when trying to avoid plagiarism. In the journal article â€Å"Does the Adoption of Plagiarism- detection Software in Higher Education Reduce P lagiarism?† by Robert J. Youmans, two studies are discussed, and it’s shown how even telling students that their work will be checked against plagiarism- detection software doesn’t keep them from plagiarizing. By looking at these three sources, and comparing and contrasting them, the issue of plagiarism can be greater realized. In the journal article â€Å"Does the Adoption of Plagiarism- detection Software in Higher Education Reduce Plagiarism, Youmans discusses two studies. In the first study, students in two classes from a university were randomly splitShow MoreRelatedPlagiarism Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Plagiarism is copying another persons ideas, words or writing and pretending that they are ones and one’s own work. Whenever another persons work is copied and republished without an appropriate reference it is considered plagiarism. Because it is so easy to copy and paste digital information, plagiarism in the information age has become a serious problem. The best way to avoid plagiarism is to avoid reading anything written by somebody else. In simple words plagiarism is kidnapping

Video Gaming Addiction On Children - 1466 Words

Video Gaming Addiction in Children Like many things in our modern day the advancement of technology has evolved over several decades; items such as cell phones have nearly multiplied in use of the masses but have become what now some may consider diminutive in size. The possibilities are endless with components and added use. In the beginning of technological times, videos games were traditionally designed to work with televisions and computers. The advancements in video games are now full fledge multi-leveled and multi-player video games can be easily accessed from your cell phone, iPad, laptop and tablets. Now ensuring that no matter where you may be located you no longer need to be connected to hard wires to be enjoying the adrenaline pumped- mind grasping- urge to play video games. As the advancement of how behind the screen has always fascinated the tech world, it’s what is happening on the screen and outside out the video game reality that has both child development professionals and parents questioning i s allowing your child the entertainment of video gaming doing more harm than good? Technology itself has developed so rapidly and so has it uses; traditionally known as a form of entertainment games have simultaneously become both educational as well as excessively violent over time. How does a parent determine what level and access is enough to not only help your child but also be a controlled source of entertainment. The average child between the ages of 8-18Show MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects of Video Games Essay example1016 Words   |  5 PagesWhen videos games were first available to consumers and brought into homes it was to serve the purpose of entertainment. Now since the evolution of gaming unfortunately a new purpose has been served. A survey conducted by the firm at game spot concluded that gamers in the United States spent over 13 hours playing video games weekly. Although current gaming systems may help increase motors skills, there have been many problems associated with excessive video games. It’s clear that this new waveRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Game Addiction On Human Body And Mind1151 Words   |  5 PagesVideo game addiction â€Å"generally refers to an excessive, unhealthy amount of playing of games. Rather than engaging in the real world, an addicted user devotes the majority of his or her time to gaming. The addicted gamer often isolates him/herself from others, ignores more important responsibilities, and is often obsessed with obtaining higher status / ranking / achievements in his/her favorite game.† (Conrad, page 1, par.1) This is an uprising problem between teens and adults that is forming intoRead MoreThe Long Term Trajectory Of Problem Gaming Symptoms Among Adult Regular Video Gamers1511 Words   |  7 PagesAn epidemic is beginning to sweep this nation. In this modern society, a majority of children, teens , and some adults are showing signs of what some experts refer to as video game addiction. Many professionals have differing opinions on the addictive nature of video games, but it does not take an expert to see that children are no longer playing outside, toddlers have learned how to operate pieces of technology that are challenging to some adults and cry when they are taken away from them, and someRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1129 Words   |  5 Pageslearning, and mimicking, all are aspects of the gaming experience. One first starts by watching the characters in the game, then observing and learning from the game, which eventually leads to them practicing the things that they have saw from the video game. Although video games may be enjoyable for teenagers, the frequency in which one plays a video game can cause harmful effects in the development into adulthood. Research is inconclusive on whether or not video games are to be totally blamed for thingsRead MoreThe Docu mentary, Digital Nation, Directed By Rachel Dretzin1130 Words   |  5 Pageshow that nation is trying to deal with the now present problem addiction among youth with gaming and the internet. Rushkoff remarks that these kids â€Å"Causalities of the digital revolution,† as he visits rehabilitation camps and clinics for children that specialize in re-connecting such kids with the outside world and the simple life. The documentary praises the rehab center, playing more â€Å"happy† music during the footage of the children working together, and almost exclusively captures the kids smilingRead MoreWhat Makes A Video Game Addictive?1537 Words   |  7 Pages Video Game Addiction Caymon Mosquera Leslie Henderson Intro to Mass Communication 1307.87 4/17/2016 â€Æ' What makes a video game addictive? As with any addiction video games are a multi-faceted issue. For starters, video games are made to be addictive. Not â€Å"addictive† in the clinical way, but designers are always looking for ways to make their games more interesting and increase the amount of time people will spend playing them. Consequently, games are designed to be difficult enough to be trulyRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects1489 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games have drastically altered since the 1980s, they are now more visual, alongside technological advancements, they have become more immersive, so immersive that video games have become an obsession—in fact a deadly obsession. On a Wednesday night in early February 2012, Chen Rong- Yu †a binge gamer,† was found dead â€Å"in the chair from which he’d been engaged in a marathon gaming session.† What makes this case extreme is that he was slumped in his chair with both arms stiffened in a postureRead MoreVideo Game Addi ction Is A Modern Day Psychological Disorder1529 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent scenario of increasing teenagers falling into the prey of gaming addiction. Sometimes I ponder if the same excitement, the same joy is inherited by their minds on slitting his virtual enemy’s throat, which we derived by scoring a goal or hitting a six in midst of the heat of the game. Video games are a common entertainment tool among today’s children. Gaming has grown into a lucrative industry that attracts billions of children and adults seeking for the thrill and action that comes with playingRead MoreGame Over : Effects Of Video Game Use Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesGame Over: Effects of Video Game Use Clint Glover Professor Robert J. Dougherty LSTD 4953-Study in Depth 12/14/2015 I certify that I have read A Student s Guide to Academic Integrity at the University of Oklahoma, and this paper is an original paper composed by me for this course. Except where properly cited and attributed, it has not been copied or closely reworded from any other source and has not been submitted as a whole, or in part, for credit in any other course at OU or any other educationalRead MoreVideo Games And Its Impact On Society1220 Words   |  5 Pagesinvention of the i-phone. One of them however is the invention of video games. Video games were invented in 1940, by a man named Edward U. Condon. This invention gave birth to a whole new genre of entertainment. One that will have a much greater affect than intended to be. The product of the video game has turned into a world wide phenomenon and has changed society. There are many factors into the changes it has made to the world. The video games of today have become a great part of our lives. Now how

Heuristic Evaluation Free Essays

string(134) " system been designed so that keys with similar names do not perform opposite \(and potentially dangerous\) actions\? | O O O|   | 2\." Usability Techniques Heuristic Evaluation – A System Checklist| By Deniese Pierotti, Xerox Corporation Heuristic Evaluation – A System Checklist 1. Visibility of System Status The system should always keep user informed about what is going on, through appropriate feedback within reasonable time. #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Heuristic Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1| Does every display begin with a title or header that describes screen contents? | O O O|   | 1. 2| Is there a consistent icon design scheme and stylistic treatment across the system? | O O O|   | 1. 3| Is a single, selected icon clearly visible when surrounded by unselected icons? O O O|   | 1. 4| Do menu instructions, prompts, and error messages appear in the same place(s) on each menu? | O O O|   | 1. 5| In multipage data entry screens, is each page labeled to show its relation to others? | O O O|   | 1. 6| If overtype and insert mode are both available, is there a visible indication of which one the user is in? | O O O|   | 1. 7| If pop-up windows are used to display error messages, do they allow the user to see the field in error? | O O O|   | 1. 8| Is there some form of system feedback for every operator action? | O O O|   | 1. | After the user completes an action (or group of actions), does the feedback indicate that the next group of actions can be started? | O O O|   | 1. 10| Is there visual feedback in menus or dialog boxes about which choices are selectable? | O O O|   | 1. 11| Is there visual feedback in menus or dialog boxes about which choice the cursor is on now? | O O O|   | 1. 12| If multiple options can be selected in a menu or dialog box, is there visual feedback about which options are already selected? | O O O|   | 1. 13| Is there visual feedback when objects are selected or moved? | O O O|   | 1. 4| Is the current status of an icon clearly indicated? | O O O|   | #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 1. 15| Is there feedback when function keys are pressed? | O O O|   | 1. 16| If there are observable delays (greater than fifteen seconds) in the system’s response time, is the user kept informed of the system’s progress? | O O O|   | 1. 17| Are response times appropriate to the task? | O O O|   | 1. 18| Typing, cursor motion, mouse selection: 50-1 50 milliseconds| O O O|   | 1. 19| Sim ple, frequent tasks: less than 1 second| O O O|   | 1. 20| Common tasks: 2-4 seconds| O O O|   | 1. 1| Complex tasks: 8-12 seconds| O O O|   | 1. 22| Are response times appropriate to the user’s cognitive processing? | O O O|   | 1. 23| Continuity of thinking is required and information must be remembered throughout several responses: less than two seconds. | O O O|   | 1. 24| High levels of concentration aren’t necessary and remembering information is not required: two to fifteen seconds. | O O O|   | 1. 25| Is the menu-naming terminology consistent with the user’s task domain? | O O O|   | 1. 26| Does the system provide  visibility:  that is, by looking, can the user tell the state of the system and the alternatives for action? O O O|   | 1. 27| Do GUI menus make obvious which item has been selected? | O O O|   | 1. 28| Do GUI menus make obvious whether deselection is possible? | O O O|   | 1. 29| If users must navigate between multiple screens, does the system use context labels, menu maps, and place markers as navigational aids? | O O O|   | 2. You read "Heuristic Evaluation" in category "Papers" Match Between System and the Real World The system should speak the user’s language, with words, phrases and concepts familiar to the user, rather than system-oriented terms. Follow real-world conventions, making information appear in a natural and logical order. | Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 2. 1| Are icons concrete and familiar? | O O O|   | 2. 2| Are menu choices ordered in the most logical way, given the user, the item names, and the task variables? | O O O|   | 2. 3| If there is a natural sequence to menu choices, has it been used? | O O O|   | 2. 4| Do related and interdependent fields appear on the same screen? | O O O|   | 2. 5| If shape is used as a visual cue, does it match cultural conventions? | O O O|   | 2. 6| Do the selected colors correspond to common expectations about col or codes? | O O O|   | 2. | When prompts imply a necessary action, are the words in the message consistent with that action? | O O O|   | 2. 8| Do keystroke references in prompts match actual key names? | O O O|   | 2. 9| On data entry screens, are tasks described in terminology familiar to users? | O O O|   | 2. 10| Are field-level prompts provided for data entry screens? |   |   | 2. 11| For question and answer interfaces, are questions stated in clear, simple language? | O O O|   | 2. 12| Do menu choices fit logically into categories that have readily understood meanings? | O O O|   | 2. 13| Are menu titles parallel grammatically? | O O O|   | 2. 4| Does the command language employ user jargon and avoid computer jargon? | O O O|   | 2. 15| Are command names specific rather than general? | O O O|   | 2. 16| Does the command language allow both full names and abbreviations? | O O O|   | 2. 17| Are input data codes meaningful? | O O O|   | 2. 18| Have uncom mon letter sequences been avoided whenever possible? | O O O|   | 2. 19| Does the system automatically enter leading or trailing spaces to align decimal points? | O O O|   | 2. 20| Does the system automatically enter a dollar sign and decimal for monetary entries? | O O O|   | #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| . 21| Does the system automatically enter commas in numeric values greater than 9999? | O O O|   | 2. 22| Do GUI menus offer activation: that is, make obvious how to say  Ã¢â‚¬Å"now do it†? | O O O|   | 2. 23| Has the system been designed so that keys with similar names do not perform opposite (and potentially dangerous) actions? | O O O|   | 2. 24| Are function keys labeled clearly and distinctively, even if this means breaking consistency rules? | O O O|   | 3. User Control and Freedom Users should be free to select and sequence tasks (when appropriate), rather than having the system do this for them. Users often choose system functions by mistake and will need a clearly marked â€Å"emergency exit† to leave the unwanted state without having to go through an extended dialogue. Users should make their own decisions (with clear information) regarding the costs of exiting current work. The system should support undo and redo. #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 3. 1| If setting up windows is a low-frequency task, is it particularly easy to remember? | O O O|   | 3. 2| In systems that use overlapping windows, is it easy for users to rearrange windows on the screen? | O O O|   | 3. | In systems that use overlapping windows, is it easy for users to switch between windows? | O O O|   | 3. 4| When a user’s task is complete, does the system wait for a signal from the user before processing? | O O O|   | 3. 5| Can users type-ahead in a system with many nested menus? | O O O|   | 3. 6| Are users prompted to confirm commands that have drastic, destructive conseq uences? | O O O|   | 3. 7| Is there an â€Å"undo† function at the level of a single action, a data entry, and a complete group of actions? | O O O|   | 3. 8| Can users cancel out of operations in progress? | O O O|   | 3. | Are character edits allowed in commands? | O O O|   | 3. 10| Can users reduce data entry time by copying and modifying existing data? | O O O|   | 3. 11| Are character edits allowed in data entry fields? | O O O|   | 3. 12| If menu lists are long (more than seven items), can users select an item either by moving the cursor or by typing a mnemonic code? | O O O|   | 3. 13| If the system uses a pointing device, do users have the option of either clicking on menu items or using a keyboard shortcut? | O O O|   | 3. 14| Are menus broad (many items on a menu) rather than deep (many menu levels)? | O O O|   | 3. 5| If the system has multiple menu levels, is there a mechanism that allows users to go back to previous menus? | O O O|   | #| Revi ew Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 3. 16| If users can go back to a previous menu, can they change their earlier menu choice? | O O O|   | 3. 17| Can users move forward and backward between fields or dialog box options? | O O O|   | 3. 18| If the system has multipage data entry screens, can users move backward and forward among all the pages in the set? | O O O|   | 3. 19| If the system uses a question and answer interface, can users go back to previous questions or skip forward to later questions? O O O|   | 3. 20| Do function keys that can cause serious consequences have an undo feature? | O O O|   | 3. 21| Can users easily reverse their actions? | O O O|   | 3. 22| If the system allows users to reverse their actions, is there a retracing mechanism to allow for multiple undos? | O O O|   | 3. 23| Can users set their own system, session, file, and screen defaults? | O O O|   | 4. Consistency and Standards Users should not have to wonder whether different words, sit uations, or actions mean the same thing. Follow platform conventions. #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 4. | Have industry or company formatting standards been followed consistently in all screens within a system? | O O O|   | 4. 2| Has a heavy use of all uppercase letters on a screen been avoided? | O O O|   | 4. 3| Do abbreviations not include punctuation? | O O O|   | 4. 4| Are integers right-justified and real numbers decimal-aligned? | O O O|   | 4. 5| Are icons labeled? | O O O|   | 4. 6| Are there no more than twelve to twenty icon types? | O O O|   | 4. 7| Are there salient visual cues to identify the active window? | O O O|   | 4. 8| Does each window have a title? | O O O|   | 4. | Are vertical and horizontal scrolling possible in each window? | O O O|   | 4. 10| Does the menu structure match the task structure? | O O O|   | 4. 11| Have industry or company standards been established for menu design, and are they applied consistently on all menu screens in the system? | O O O|   | 4. 12| Are menu choice lists presented vertically? | O O O|   | 4. 13| If â€Å"exit† is a menu choice, does it always appear at the bottom of the list? | O O O|   | 4. 14| Are menu titles either centered or left-justified? | O O O|   | 4. 15| Are menu items left-justified, with the item number or mnemonic preceding the name? O O O|   | 4. 16| Do embedded field-level prompts appear to the right of the field label? | O O O|   | 4. 17| Do on-line instructions appear in a consistent location across screens? | O O O|   | 4. 18| Are field labels and fields distinguished typographically? | O O O|   | 4. 19| Are field labels consistent from one data entry screen to another? | O O O|   | 4. 20| Are fields and labels left-justified for alpha lists and right-justified for numeric lists? | O O O|   | #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 4. 21| Do field labels appear to the left of single fields and above list fields? | O O O|   | 4. 2| Are attention-getting techniques used with care? | O O O|   | 4. 23| Intensity: two levels only| O O O|   | 4. 24| Size: up to four sizes| O O O|   | 4. 25| Font: up to three| O O O|   | 4. 26| Blink: two to four hertz| O O O|   | 4. 27| Color: up to four (additional colors for occasional use only)| O O O|   | 4. 28| Sound: soft tones for regular positive feedback, harsh for rare critical conditions| O O O|   | 4. 29| Are attention-getting techniques used only for exceptional conditions or for time-dependent information? | O O O|   | 4. 30| Are there no more than four to seven colors, and are they far apart along the visible spectrum? O O O|   | 4. 31| Is a legend provided if color codes are numerous or not obvious in meaning? | O O O|   | 4. 32| Have pairings of high-chroma, spectrally extreme colors been avoided? | O O O|   | 4. 33| Are saturated blues avoided for text or other small, thin line symbols? | O O O|   | 4. 34| Is the most important information placed at the beginning of the prompt? | O O O|   | 4. 35| Are user actions named consistently across all prompts in the system? | O O O|   | 4. 36| Are system objects named consistently across all prompts in the system? | O O O|   | 4. 7| Do field-level prompts provide more information than a restatement of the field name? | O O O|   | 4. 38| For question and answer interfaces, are the valid inputs for a question listed? | O O O|   | 4. 39| Are menu choice names consistent, both within each menu and across the system, in grammatical style and terminology? | O O O|   | 4. 40| Does the structure of menu choice names match their corresponding menu titles? | O O O|   | 4. 41| Are commands used the same way, and do they mean the same thing, in all parts of the system? | O O O|   | 4. 42| Does the command language have a consistent, natural, and mnemonic syntax? | O O O|   | 4. 3| Do abbreviations follow a simple primary rule and, if necessary, a simple sec ondary rule for abbreviations that otherwise would be duplicates? | O O O|   | #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 4. 44| Is the secondary rule used only when necessary? | O O O|   | 4. 45| Are abbreviated words all the same length? | O O O|   | 4. 46| Is the structure of a data entry value consistent from screen to screen? | O O O|   | 4. 47| Is the method for moving the cursor to the next or previous field consistent throughout the system? | O O O|   | 4. 48| If the system has multipage data entry screens, do all pages have the same title? O O O|   | 4. 49| If the system has multipage data entry screens, does each page have a sequential page number? | O O O|   | 4. 50| Does the system follow industry or company standards for function key assignments? | O O O|   | 4. 51| Are high-value, high-chroma colors used to attract attention? | O O O|   | 5. Help Users Recognize, Diagnose, and Recover From Errors Error messages should be expressed in plain language (N O CODES). #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 5. 1| Is sound used to signal an error? | O O O|   | 5. 2| Are prompts stated constructively, without overt or implied criticism of the user? O O O|   | 5. 3| Do prompts imply that the user is in control? | O O O|   | 5. 4| Are prompts brief and unambiguous. | O O O|   | 5. 5| Are error messages worded so that the system, not the user, takes the blame? | O O O|   | 5. 6| If humorous error messages are used, are they appropriate and inoffensive to the user population? | O O O|   | 5. 7| Are error messages grammatically correct? | O O O|   | 5. 8| Do error messages avoid the use of exclamation points? | O O O|   | 5. 9| Do error messages avoid the use of violent or hostile words? | O O O|   | 5. 10| Do error messages avoid an anthropomorphic tone? | O O O|   | 5. 1| Do all error messages in the system use consistent grammatical style, form, terminology, and abbreviations? | O O O|   | 5. 12| Do messages place u sers in control of the system? | O O O|   | 5. 13| Does the command language use normal action-object syntax? | O O O|   | 5. 14| Does the command language avoid arbitrary, non-English use of punctuation, except for symbols that users already know? | O O O|   | 5. 15| If an error is detected in a data entry field, does the system place the cursor in that field or highlight the error? | O O O|   | 5. 16| Do error messages inform the user of the error’s severity? O O O|   | 5. 17| Do error messages suggest the cause of the problem? | O O O|   | 5. 18| Do error messages provide appropriate semantic information? | O O O|   | 5. 19| Do error messages provide appropriate syntactic information? | O O O|   | 5. 20| Do error messages indicate what action the user needs to take to correct the error? | O O O|   | 5. 21| If the system supports both novice and expert users, are multiple levels of error-message detail available? | O O O|   | 6. Error Prevention Even bet ter than good error messages is a careful design which prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. | Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 6. 1| If the database includes groups of data, can users enter more than one group on a single screen? | O O O|   | 6. 2| Have dots or underscores been used to indicate field length? | O O O|   | 6. 3| Is the menu choice name on a higher-level menu used as the menu title of the lower-level menu? | O O O|   | 6. 4| Are menu choices logical, distinctive, and mutually exclusive? | O O O|   | 6. 5| Are data inputs case-blind whenever possible? | O O O|   | 6. 6| If the system displays multiple windows, is navigation between windows simple and visible? | O O O|   | 6. | Are the function keys that can cause the most serious consequences in hard-to-reach positions? | O O O|   | 6. 8| Are the function keys that can cause the most serious consequences located far away from low-consequence and high-use keys? | O O O|   | 6. 9| H as the use of qualifier keys been minimized? | O O O|   | 6. 10| If the system uses qualifier keys, are they used consistently throughout the system? | O O O|   | 6. 11| Does the system prevent users from making errors whenever possible? | O O O|   | 6. 12| Does the system warn users if they are about to make a potentially serious error? O O O|   | 6. 13| Does the system intelligently interpret variations in user commands? | O O O|   | 6. 14| Do data entry screens and dialog boxes indicate the number of character spaces available in a field? | O O O|   | 6. 15| Do fields in data entry screens and dialog boxes contain default values when appropriate? | O O O|   | 7. Recognition Rather Than Recall Make objects, actions, and options visible. The user should not have to remember information from one part of the dialogue to another. Instructions for use of the system should be visible or easily retrievable whenever appropriate. | Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 7. 1 | For question and answer interfaces, are visual cues and white space used to distinguish questions, prompts, instructions, and user input? | O O O|   | 7. 2| Does the data display start in the upper-left corner of the screen? | O O O|   | 7. 3| Are multiword field labels placed horizontally (not stacked vertically)? | O O O|   | 7. 4| Are all data a user needs on display at each step in a transaction sequence? | O O O|   | 7. 5| Are prompts, cues, and messages placed where the eye is likely to be looking on the screen? | O O O|   | 7. | Have prompts been formatted using white space, justification, and visual cues for easy scanning? | O O O|   | 7. 7| Do text areas have â€Å"breathing space† around them? | O O O|   | 7. 8| Is there an obvious visual distinction made between â€Å"choose one† menu and â€Å"choose many† menus? | O O O|   | 7. 9| Have spatial relationships between soft function keys (on-screen cues) and keyboard function keys been preserved? | O O O|   | 7. 10| Does the system gray out or delete labels of currently inactive soft function keys? | O O O|   | 7. 11| Is white space used to create symmetry and lead the eye in the appropriate direction? O O O|   | 7. 12| Have items been grouped into logical zones, and have headings been used to distinguish between zones? | O O O|   | 7. 13| Are zones no more than twelve to fourteen characters wide and six to seven lines high? | O O O|   | 7. 14| Have zones been separated by spaces, lines, color, letters, bold titles, rules lines, or shaded areas? | O O O|   | 7. 15| Are field labels close to fields, but separated by at least one space? | O O O|   | 7. 16| Are long columnar fields broken up into groups of five, separated by a blank line? | O O O|   | 7. 17| Are optional data entry fields clearly marked? O O O|   | 7. 18| Are symbols used to break long input strings into â€Å"chunks†? | O O O|   | 7. 19| Is reverse video or color highligh ting used to get the user’s attention? | O O O|   | 7. 20| Is reverse video used to indicate that an item has been selected? | O O O|   | 7. 21| Are size, boldface, underlining, color, shading, or typography used to show relative quantity or importance of different screen items? | O O O|   | 7. 22| Are borders used to identify meaningful groups? | O O O|   | 7. 23| Has the same color been used to group related elements? | O O O|   | 7. 24| Is color coding consistent throughout the system? O O O|   | 7. 25| Is color used in conjunction with some other redundant cue? | O O O|   | 7. 26| Is there good color and brightness contrast between image and background colors? | O O O|   | 7. 27| Have light, bright, saturated colors been used to emphasize data and have darker, duller, and desaturated colors been used to de-emphasize data? | O O O|   | 7. 28| Is the first word of each menu choice the most important? | O O O|   | 7. 29| Does the system provide  mapping :  that is, are the relationships between controls and actions apparent to the user? | O O O|   | 7. 30| Are input data codes distinctive? | O O O|   | . 31| Have frequently confused data pairs been eliminated whenever possible? | O O O|   | 7. 32| Have large strings of numbers or letters been broken into chunks? | O O O|   | 7. 33| Are inactive menu items grayed out or omitted? | O O O|   | 7. 34| Are there menu selection defaults? | O O O|   | 7. 35| If the system has many menu levels or complex menu levels, do users have access to an on-line spatial menu map? | O O O|   | 7. 36| Do GUI menus offer affordance: that is, make obvious where selection is possible? | O O O|   | 7. 37| Are there salient visual cues to identify the active window? | O O O|   | 7. 8| Are function keys arranged in logical groups? | O O O|   | 7. 39| Do data entry screens and dialog boxes indicate when fields are optional? | O O O|   | 7. 40| On data entry screens and dialog boxes, ar e dependent fields displayed only when necessary? | O O O|   | 8. Fexibility and Minimalist Design Accelerators-unseen by the novice user-may often speed up the interaction for the expert user such that the system can cater to both inexperienced and experienced users. Allow users to tailor frequent actions. Provide alternative means of access and operation for users who differ from the â€Å"average† user (e. . , physical or cognitive ability, culture, language, etc. ) #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 8. 1| If the system supports both novice and expert users, are multiple levels of error message detail available? | O O O|   | 8. 2| Does the system allow novices to use a keyword grammar and experts to use a positional grammar? | O O O|   | 8. 3| Can users define their own synonyms for commands? | O O O|   | 8. 4| Does the system allow novice users to enter the simplest, most common form of each command, and allow expert users to add parameters? | O O O|   | 8. | Do expert users have the option of entering multiple commands in a single string? | O O O|   | 8. 6| Does the system provide function keys for high-frequency commands? | O O O|   | 8. 7| For data entry screens with many fields or in which source documents may be incomplete, can users save a partially filled screen? | O O O|   | 8. 8| Does the system automatically enter leading zeros? | O O O|   | 8. 9| If menu lists are short (seven items or fewer), can users select an item by moving the cursor? | O O O|   | 8. 10| If the system uses a type-ahead strategy, do the menu items have mnemonic codes? | O O O|   | 8. 1| If the system uses a pointing device, do users have the option of either clicking on fields or using a keyboard shortcut? | O O O|   | 8. 12| Does the system offer â€Å"find next† and â€Å"find previous† shortcuts for database searches? | O O O|   | 8. 13| On data entry screens, do users have the option of either clicking directly on a field or using a keyboard shortcut? | O O O|   | 8. 14| On menus, do users have the option of either clicking directly on a menu item or using a keyboard shortcut? | O O O|   | 8. 15| In dialog boxes, do users have the option of either clicking directly on a dialog box option or using a keyboard shortcut? O O O|   | 8. 16| Can expert users bypass nested dialog boxes with either type-ahead, user-defined macros, or keyboard shortcuts? | O O O|   | 9. Aesthetic and Minimalist Design Dialogues should not contain information which is irrelevant or rarely needed. Every extra unit of information in a dialogue competes with the relevant units of information and diminishes their relative visibility. #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 9. 1| Is only (and all) information essential to decision making displayed on the screen? | O O O|   | 9. 2| Are all icons in a set visually and conceptually distinct? O O O|   | 9. 3| Have large objects, bold lines, and simple areas been use d to distinguish icons? | O O O|   | 9. 4| Does each icon stand out from its background? | O O O|   | 9. 5| If the system uses a standard GUI interface where menu sequence has already been specified, do menus adhere to the specification whenever possible? | O O O|   | 9. 6| Are meaningful groups of items separated by white space? | O O O|   | 9. 7| Does each data entry screen have a short, simple, clear, distinctive title? | O O O|   | 9. 8| Are field labels brief, familiar, and descriptive? O O O|   | 9. 9| Are prompts expressed in the affirmative, and do they use the active voice? | O O O|   | 9. 10| Is each lower-level menu choice associated with only one higher level menu? | O O O|   | 9. 11| Are menu titles brief, yet long enough to communicate? | O O O|   | 9. 12| Are there pop-up or pull-down menus within data entry fields that have many, but well-defined, entry options? | O O O|   | 10. Help and Documentation Even though it is better if the system can be used without documentation, it may be necessary to provide help and documentation. Any such information should be easy to search, focused on the user’s task, list concrete steps to be carried out, and not be too large. #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 10. 1| If users are working from hard copy, are the parts of the hard copy that go on-line marked? | O O O|   | 10. 2| Are on-line instructions visually distinct? | O O O|   | 10. 3| Do the instructions follow the sequence of user actions? | O O O|   | 10. 4| If menu choices are ambiguous, does the system provide additional explanatory information when an item is selected? | O O O|   | 10. | Are data entry screens and dialog boxes supported by navigation and completion instructions? | O O O|   | 10. 6| If menu items are ambiguous, does the system provide additional explanatory information when an item is selected? | O O O|   | 10. 7| Are there memory aids for commands, either through on-line quick reference or prompting? | O O O|   | 10. 8| Is the help function visible; for example, a ke y labeled HELP or a special menu? | O O O|   | 10. 9| Is the help system interface (navigation, presentation, and conversation) consistent with the navigation, presentation, and conversation interfaces of the application it supports? O O O|   | 10. 10| Navigation: Is information easy to find? | O O O|   | 10. 11| Presentation: Is the visual layout well designed? | O O O|   | 10. 12| Conversation: Is the information accurate, complete, and understandable? | O O O|   | #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 10. 13| Is the information relevant? | O O O|   | 10. 14| Goal-oriented (What can I do with this program? )| O O O|   | 10. 15| Descriptive (What is this thing for? )| O O O|   | 10. 16| Procedural (How do I do this task? )| O O O|   | 10. 17| Interpretive (Why did that happen? )| O O O|   | 10. 8| Navigational (Where am I? )| O O O|   | 10. 19| Is there context-sensitive help? | O O O|   | 10. 20| Can the user change the level of detail available? | O O O|   | 10. 21| Can users easily switch between help and their work? | O O O|   | 10. 22| Is it easy to access and return from the help system? | O O O|   | 10. 23| Can users resume work where they left off after accessing help? | O O O|   | 11. Skills The system should support, extend, supplement, or enhance the user’s skills, background knowledge, and expertise —-not replace them. #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 1. 1| Can users choose between iconic and text display of information? | O O O|   | 11. 2| Are window operations easy to learn and use? | O O O|   | 11. 3| If users are experts, usage is frequent, or the system has a slow response time, are there fewer screens (more information per screen)? | O O O|   | 11. 4| If users are novices, usage is infrequent, or the system has a fast response time, are there more screens (less information per screen)? | O O O|   | 11. 5| Does the system automatically color-code items, with little or no use r effort? | O O O|   | 11. | If the system supports both novice and expert users, are multiple levels of detail available. | O O O|   | 11. 7| Are users the initiators of actions rather than the responders? | O O O|   | 11. 8| Does the system perform data translations for users? | O O O|   | 11. 9| Do field values avoid mixing alpha and numeric characters whenever possible? | O O O|   | 11. 10| If the system has deep (multilevel) menus, do users have the option of typing ahead? | O O O|   | 11. 12| When the user enters a screen or dialog box, is the cursor already positioned in the field users are most likely to need? O O O|   | 11. 13| Can users move forward and backward within a field? | O O O|   | 11. 14| Is the method for moving the cursor to the next or previous field both simple and visible? | O O O|   | 11. 15| Has auto-tabbing been avoided except when fields have fixed lengths or users are experienced? | O O O|   | 11. 16| Do the selected input device(s) match user capabilities? | O O O|   | 11. 17| Are cursor keys arranged in either an inverted T (best for experts) or a cross configuration (best for novices)? | O O O|   | 11. 18| Are important keys (for example,  ENTER  ,  TAB) larger than other keys? O O O|   | 11. 19| Are there enough function keys to support functionality, but not so many that scanning and finding are difficult? | O O O|   | 11. 20| Are function keys reserved for generic, high-frequency, important functions? | O O O|   | 11. 21| Are function key assignments consistent across screens, subsystems, and related products? | O O O|   | 11. 22| Does the system correctly anticipate and prompt for the user’s probable next activity? | O O O|   | 12. Pleasurable and Respectful Interaction with the User The user’s interactions with the system should enhance the quality of her or his work-life. The user should be treated with respect. The design should be aesthetically pleasing- with artistic as well as functional value. #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 12. 1| Is each individual icon a harmonious member of a family of icons? | O O O|   | 12. 2| Has excessive detail in icon design been avoided? | O O O|   | 12. 3| Has color been used with discretion? | O O O|   | 12. 4| Has the amount of required window housekeeping been kept to a minimum? | O O O|   | 12. 5| If users are working from hard copy, does the screen layout match the paper form? | O O O|   | 12. | Has color been used specifically to draw attention, communicate organization, indicate status changes, and establish relationships? | O O O|   | 12. 7| Can users turn off automatic color coding if necessary? | O O O|   | 12. 8| Are typing requirements minimal for question and answer interfaces? | O O O|   | 12. 9| Do the selected input device(s) match environmental constraints? | O O O|   | 12 . 13| If the system uses multiple input devices, has hand and eye movement between input devices been minimized? | O O O|   | 12. 14| If the system supports graphical tasks, has an alternative pointing device been provided? O O O|   | 12. 15| Is the numeric keypad located to the right of the alpha key area? | O O O|   | 12. 16| Are the most frequently used function keys in the most accessible positions? | O O O|   | 12. 17| Does the system complete unambiguous partial input on a data entry field? | O O O|   | 13. Privacy The system should help the user to protect personal or private information- belonging to the user or the his/her clients. #| Review Checklist| Yes No N/A| Comments| 13. 1| Are protected areas completely inaccessible? | O O O|   | 13. 2| Can protected or confidential areas be accessed with certain passwords. O O O|   | 13. 3| Is this feature effective and successful. | O O O|   | System Title:__________________________ Release #: _____________________ _____ Evaluator: __________________________   Date: __________________________ Primary Source Making Computers-People Literate.  © Copyright 1993. By Elaine Weiss ISBN: 0-471-01877-5 Secondary Source Usability Inspection Methods.  © Copyright 1994. By Jakob Nielsen and Robert Mack ISBN: 1-55542-622-0 SCREEN SHOTS Homepage Navigations via Categories Shipping and Returns Policies Frequently Asked Questions Navigations via Hyperlinked Images External Links Result Filtering How to cite Heuristic Evaluation, Papers

Harrison ainsworth rookwood an Essay Example For Students

Harrison ainsworth rookwood an Essay In the early nineteenth century, an interest in criminals and the common highwaymanarose in Europe. Many magazines in London, such as Bentley’s Miscellany, Fraser’sMagazine, and The Athenaeum featured sections that were reserved for stories abouthighwayman and their numerous adventures. The growing interest in the subject inspiredmany authors to write about the various exploits of popular criminals and highwayman. Some prominent examples of this type of novel were Edward Bulwer’s Paul Clifford(1830) and Eugene Aram (1832); Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist (1838-39) and BarnabyRudge (1841); and William Harrison Ainsworth Rookwood (1834) and Jack Sheppard(1839-40). Several of these novels were based upon famous crimes and criminal careersof the past (Eugene Aram, Dick Turpin in Rookwood, and Jack Sheppard); others derivedfrom contemporary crime (Altick, 1970, p. 72). Although many authors chose to basetheir stories on criminals, William Harrison Ainsworthâ€⠄¢s Rookwood and Jack Sheppardare two of the best examples of the theme of ‘crime and punishment’ in the nineteenthcentury. Ainsworth started his writing career as a writer of Gothic stories for variousmagazines. Gothic elements are included in Ainsworth’s novel: the ancient hall, thefamily vaults, macabre burial vaults, secret marriage, and so forth (John, 1998, p. 30). Rookwood is a story about two half-brothers in a conflict over the family inheritance. The English criminal who Ainsworth decides to entangle in Rookwood was Dick Turpin,a highwayman executed in 1739. However, echoing Bulwer, Ainsworth’s explanation forhis interest in Dick Turpin (like Bulwer’s explanation in his choice of Eugene Aram as asubject) is personal and familial (John, 1998, p. 31). Though the basis of the novels seemsimilar, Ainsworth treated Dick Turpin in a different way than Bulwer treated EugeneAram. Ainsworth romanticizes history, but basically sticks to the facts (as far as he knewthem). Perhaps more importantly, Ainsworth does not pretend that the Turpin he inventsis the real Dick Turpin, nor does he attempt to elevate Turpin’s social class status (John,1998, p. 32). Ainsworth recalls lying in bed listening to the exploits of ‘Dauntless Dick’,as narrated by his father. Despite Ainsworth’s infatuation with the criminal, the realTurpin was no more interesting a character than an ordinary cat burglar. Besideshighway robbery, his affairs included stealing sheep and breaking into farmer’ houses,sometimes with the aid of confederates; and he took a turn at smuggling (Hollingsworth,1963, p. 99). Although Turpin appears in a considerable part of the novel, he really hasno effect on the plot. He stole a marriage certificate, but the incident was not important to the plot. Although Turpin does not have much to do with the plot, he helps the novelcelebrate the life of a highwayman. Ainsworth’s Turpin was essentially innocent andgood-natured, though courageous and slightly rash. He was very chivalrous andattractive in the eyes of the lady. An exampl e of Turpin’s personality is shown in anincident in Rookwood when he goes to a party at Rookwood Hall under the alias of Mr. Palmer. He makes a heavy wager against the capture of himself to a lawyer/thief catcher. Unreal as he was, Turpin undoubtedly was the cause Rookwood’s success. Rookwoodwent into five editions in three years. This fact shows that Ainsworth’s enthusiasm withcriminals found its favor with the public. The success of Dick Turpin in Rookwood repeated in Ainsworth’s Jack Sheppard(1839); in both cases the fact that the criminals were given a crude vitality andindividualizing speech entirely denied to other characters was taken to indicate theapproval of their actions (Horsman, 1990, p. 88). The novel was separated in three‘epochs’, 1703, 1715, and 1724. Its plot is less complicated than that of Rookwood. It isthe story of two boys that are brought up as brothers: one (Thames Darrell) virtuous andone, (Sheppard), good hearted but mischievous. Jack Sheppard, like Rookwood, waswritten as a romance, but not in a Gothic setting. Unlike Rookwood, the whole storycenters around Jack and his antics. Throughout the novel Ainsworth stuck to history asbest as he could. The real Jack Sheppard was born in 1702 and hanged at Tyburn onNovember 16, 1724, at the age of 21. He became a carpenter’s apprentice when he was15. The record shows that he never committed a crime until the age of 20. One maywonder why Ainsworth chose a character with such a short career in the crime business. .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de , .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .postImageUrl , .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de , .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de:hover , .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de:visited , .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de:active { border:0!important; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de:active , .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e5e0bb68ae22836c4db2dd64fa586de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is ethnography a suitable meth EssayThe answer lies in the fact that the real Jack Sheppard was known for his daring escapesfrom incarceration. First, he escaped from a small prison called St. Giles Round-House. After he was reincarcerated, he and Edgeworth Bess (a supposed romantic interest ofSheppard at the time) escaped from Clerkenwell. The feats that probably made Sheppardmost famous was his two escapes from the famous Newgate prison. These escapes werethe ‘meat’ of the story. Ainsworth very rarely went into detail about the actual robberies,but described the escapes in great detail. For example, he escaped from Newgate the firsttime by slipping through a crack in the bars of the jail. One of the peculiarities of theevent was that only one bar was removed for the escape. Questions have been raisedwhether or not it is possible for any human, besides a child, to fit through a gap thatsmall. After the escape, Sheppard was caught and returned to Newgate 11 days later. OnOctober 15, he made his most famous escape of all, this time from a deeper part of thepenitentiary. Sheppard was left unattended during the evening. He slipped his unusuallysmall hands out of the heavy irons that bounded him, removed an iron bar fixed in achimney, and worked his way to freedom through an incredible series of locked doorsand walls. After he had escaped, he hid, but he left London only once. Jack went to seehis mother, while on her death bed she begs him to leave the country, but Jack refuses toleave. After she dies, Jack goes to her funeral, and in front of everyone bows at hismother’s grave. He is apprehended by authorities and never escapes from prison again. The personality of Jack Sheppard won the hearts of readers everywhere. Uponcompletion of the novel, it was dramatized at an incredible rate. Eight versions of thenovel were produced in Londonan unheard of number of dramatizations of that time. As a serial in Bentley’s Miscellany, Jack Sheppard ran for thirteen months, throughFebruary 1840. Bentley issued the book in three volumes in October 1839, shortly afterAinsworth had completed the novel. The sales were tremendous. Jack Sheppard sold3,000 copies in a week. Exactly why there was so much enthusiasm for these types of novels is a matterfor wonder. Ainsworth’s novels had, it is true, the elements to make a popular success: aspotless hero and an underdog to sympathize with, both pitted against a fearful villain; aglimpse of aristocracy, a suggestion of sex, hairbreadth adventures, and plenty of virtuousemotions (Hollingsworth, 1963, p. 140). Rookwood and Jack Sheppard are primeexamples of the ‘crimi nal’ theme that was popular in the early nineteenth